菩提道次第廣論講記 第六十九卷 B面

上日下常法師



(手抄稿 第九冊 p155)

The remains of that vomit-like food enter from above through the umbilical cords opening and generate growth. Through the thickening, quivering, elongated, and globular stages, the embryo is completely transformed into a fetus with arms and legs. The placenta encloses its arms, legs, and cheeks. Reeking like an old rag used for mucus, the stench is unbearable.
【所有食味,從母腹中入自臍孔,而為資長,漸成羯羅藍,頞部陀,閉尸健南,手足微動,體相漸現。手足面等胎衣纏裹,猶如糞穢,】

p. 158

Enshrouded in pitch darkness, it moves up and down. The bitter, sour, pungent, salty, spicy, and astringent tastes of food affect it like hot coals. Like an intestinal worm, it feeds on filthy fluids; it finds itself in a swamp that oozes rotting filth. Its lifeforce is unstable. The heat of its mother’s body torments, heats, and overheats it all in three degrees: slightly, moderately, and greatly. It experiences distressing, intense, violent, and unbearable agony. Whenever its mother moves a little, moderately, or greatly, it also moves in the same way, constrained by five bonds. It experiences agony that is distressing, intense, violent, unbearable, and almost inconceivable, as though it had been thrust into a pit of burning cinders.
【生臭變臭猛暴黑闇,不淨坑中上下遊轉,以諸苦酸粗鹹辣淡,猶如火炭。食味所觸,猶如蒼蠅,以不淨汁而為資養。如墜不淨,臭穢熾然,淤泥之中命根非堅。又母身內所有火力,煎炙遍炙極遍煎炙,燒熱遍熱極熱遍燒熱,燒然遍然極遍燒然,受諸猛利粗惡難忍,非所悅意極大苦受。如如其母轉動,遍動極遍轉動,如是如是如被五縛,亦如投擲煻煨坑中,受諸猛利粗惡難忍,非所悅意,難以為喻,極大苦受。」】

前面是經上的,不仔細解釋。我們真正修行的話就要學這個,自己真正要用功的時候,你就這樣先把那個道理你去弄懂,弄懂了就想。如果你想不出來,簡單極了,簡單 (p156) 極了!哦,現在都不大簡單,我們小的時候比較好;現在的那些衛生設備,說起來叫衛生,說起來好!這樣。所以以前我曾經遇見一個老師,那個老師就告訴我們:「現在人真顛倒,邪見增長,我們那時候,處處都是修行。它現在裝飾得,每一個地方裝飾得真美,乃至於那太平間,人死了以後,哎呀!裝飾得、還要畫得就像那個……。一切的進去的時候,沒有一點點喪事的氣氛讓你,只是因為你的親人的感受。」我現在想想越想越對,我們小的時候,哪裡有現在的衛生設備,這沒有的—坑!你一坑一跑得去,跑得老遠那個蒼蠅飛起來,那個臭氣啊!這樣,然後你看那個蛆在裡邊……。我們在母胎當中就這個樣,說實在的就這個樣!

啊!所以你一定要用這種方法,實際上呢比牠還要苦。欸,牠這個蛆,在這個糞坑裡只是臭一點,它不會逼、不會炙。我們在這個地方不但又臭又髒,而且又壓又冷、又寒又熱,沒有一個不具足,這樣。不過,但是並不一定完全如此喔,有很多如果生,他的善業的話,他在這個地方母胎當中是很安樂的。但是這個地方我們不要去想善業,就是說,如果說你不如法地去修苦的話,將來你總有一天,生了天下來的還是這個;這個還是最好的,你還要墮落地獄當中去。所以這個地方的特質,你要把最苦的想出來;想了以後,然後呢,被苦的力量推動你拼命去跳出來,這是他的目的,這個我們要重點要了解的。所以 (p157) 他下面是解釋,解釋我也只把它唸一遍。

Similarly, it is said that the fetus is harmed in the womb when the mother eats too much or too little; eat food that is too oily, pungent, cold, hot, salty, sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, or astringent; indulges her sexual desires; runs too much or too fast; jumps or swims; or sits or squats in front of the fire. It is also said that the fetus is confined by the stomach and held firm by the intestines,
【如是其母,若受飲食太多太少及食太膩太乾太冷太熱,鹹淡苦酸及太甘辛,若行欲行,若太急走,若跳若倒,若住火前,或蹲居坐,亦說於胎起大痛苦。生藏上壓熟藏下刺,】

啊!上面是壓,下面是刺,你就像坐在那個,坐在那個我們常常說「如坐針氈」,就這個樣。坐在針氈,只是我自己坐在上面,上面還有一個泰山壓頂,唉!實在是一無是處。

as though it were bound by five bonds or impaled on a stake. There is even further suffering when the infant emerges from the womb and is born into the outside. Candragomin's 《Letter to a Student》 says:
【如被五縛插之尖摽。從胎產時及產出時,所有眾苦,亦如《弟子書》云:】

住胎是這樣,出來的時候也是一樣。出來的時候怎麼樣?

It is crushed slowly, like sesame seeds in an oil press, and then somehow it is born. Nonetheless, those who do not lose their lives immediately must settle for pain. The body that dwelt and grew in that filth is smeared with the wombs slime and has an unbearably foul smell. Memory is lost upon being inflicted with such torment, which is like having an inflamed boil burst or being on the verge of vomiting.
【「此漸如硬壓油具,壓迫其次方得生,然未爾時即捨命,唯是受苦業力強,住不淨中顛倒身,濕爛裹胎極臭穢,猛逼切痛如潰瘡,猶如變吐宿念捨。」】

出來的時候,就像壓油一樣,不曉得你們看見過搾油?現在的搾油用化學提煉,我們以前那個搾油,那真是!先把油擺在鍋子裡面燒,烤得熱得不得了,先把他壓扁,壓扁了以後呢烤熱, (p158) 烤了以後放一個籠裡邊,然後用大鐵鎚去壓,那個不得了的力量。現在我看見人家鍛鋼筋,以前老法的鍛鋼筋拿了大鐵鎚叭一鎚下去,把那鋼筋弄斷了。他那個搾油的人,那工人也是一樣,那手都是這麼粗,打那個大鐵鎚,那我們被出生的時候就是用這種方法,要現在那個鐵鎚,不要說碰到一下,你輕輕的那個鐵鎚放下來壓在你腳指頭上的話,壓的你哇哇叫,現在那出生的是那麼苦法!這是處處地方告訴我們。

The 《Descent into the Womb Sūtra》 explains the meaning of these Words:
【此諸文義,如《入胎經》云:】

上面是解釋:開始繼續的念下去。

Thus, when all its major and minor limbs have developed, the fetus stirs in a frightful, pitch-dark place of urine that oozes rot, has an unbearable stench, is contaminated by excrement and urine, and continually dripping with foul-smelling filth, blood, and putrid fluids. Energy arising from the maturation of previous karma makes its feet turn up and its head turn down toward the opening. With both arms drawn in, it is slightly, moderately, and utterly smashed between two machines of bone. The distressing, intense, violent, and unbearable agonies cause all the limbs of the body—painful as fresh wounds—to turn blue. All of the body's organs become hot. Since the uterine slime is now much reduced, the surface of the body dries out, and so the lips, throat, and heart become parched.
【「次彼漸生一切肢節,從其糞廁腐爛滴墜,不淨暴惡生臭變臭,黑闇可怖,糞尿熏粘臭氣垢穢,血水常流,瘡門之中,由其先業異熟生風,吹足向上令頭向下,兩手縮屈被二骨輪,逼迫遍迫周遍逼迫,由諸粗猛難忍非悅,最大苦受令其身分悉皆青瘀,猶如初瘡,難可觸著,身一切根悉皆楚痛,極穢胎垢遍粘其身,由乾渴故,令其唇喉及以心臟悉皆枯燥,】

p. 159

Confined and full of insufferable dread, it emerges—however difficult this may be—when drawn out by the influence of causes and conditions, by energies arising from the maturation of previous karma. Once outside, the air burns like caustic liquid on a wound; the mere touch of a hand or a cloth feels like the cut of a sword. It experiences distressing, intense, violent, and unbearable agony.
【住此迫迮難忍苦處。此由因緣增上,宿業異熟生風吹促至極艱辛,始得產出。生已無間,被外風觸如割塗灰,手衣觸時如利劍割,當受 (p159) 粗猛難忍非悅極大苦受。」】

唉!這個出生的時候,住胎的時候這麼痛苦,出生的時候又這麼個難受!所以這個經上告訴我們出生的時候,本來在母胎當中,這個非常嫩、非常嫩,然後一旦出來碰見外面那個,觸的時候,那個痛苦,痛苦極了,痛苦極了!這東西我們不太容易……其實真的說起來,我們還是可以很容易地……。當你有的時候,身或者燙傷了,或者特別的因緣碰傷了,外面那個表皮碰掉了,那個肉在的時候,啊!那個外面的不要說碰到一點什麼東西,那個風吹上去也痛得不得了,對不對?一點的水,如果一點鹽水,或者什麼的話,你簡直無法忍受地痛苦。那我們出生的時候,這個感受就是這樣。所以這個嬰兒一下地哇啦哇啦哭,就是這個原因。哇!他那時候痛苦極了,心裡嘛有絕端的恐懼,身上嘛有絕大的痛苦。喏、喏、喏!這個是我們無法感受的,如果佛不講的話,我們還根本不知道,就是這個樣。

It is said that when taken up onto someones lap and the like, or touched with hot or cold objects, the newborn baby experiences distressing, intense, violent, and unbearable agony, like a flayed cow being eaten by vermin or a leper whose lesions are struck with a whip.
【又說如牛剝皮。被蟲所食,及如癩人遍身潰爛,加諸鞭撻極受楚切。又產已無間,取懷抱等及寒熱觸,亦當受諸粗猛難忍,非悅意苦。】

然後呢,大人看見很歡喜把他抱起來,抱的時候,他碰到任何一個地方,碰到的無非 (p160) 是……所以那個小孩子一生下來,哭啊!就是這樣,就是這個原因,他痛苦嘛!每一樣東西都是難以忍受的,都不是好的。

Among the eight types of sufferings, regard this first type, along with the eighth type the suffering of the five appropriated aggregates, as the most crucial and meditate upon both of them.
【八苦之中,特於此初及於最後,須慇勤重修。】

這個實際上這兩個最苦,生苦跟死苦,就偏偏這兩個東西我們還感覺不到。所以不是佛講,我們實在不知道啊!實在不知道啊!

Therefore, as explained before, you should repeatedly investigate them with discerning wisdom and meditate on them.
【故如前說,當以觀慧數數觀察,而善修習。】

所以我們必定要把前面告訴我們的觀察慧,這個生,然後呢老—生、老。這個前面我雖然略略地唸過,所以唸過的,因為現在的重點讓我們認識這個知見,那麼然後呢你們正修的時候,現在我們先把那個道的次第的綱要認識,這個是這個重要。平常在我們平常如果你要懈怠了,或者什麼,提不起來的時候,那個時候自己認真先去看它。當然不是等到提不起來,就是事先你先看完,看完了萬一你覺得要懈怠的時候,然後翻翻它。哎喲!就想到:一懈怠,那對不起,那就停在這個地方。

所以這個世間你了解了,沒有第二條路好走的。往往有人說,唉呀,弄弄不行, (p161) 要退轉去了。假如退轉去安樂的話,我第一個退轉,我絕對不願意跑得來受這個罪。因為我現在了解得清楚、明白,沒有第二條路好走的。現在你雖然苦,你拼命努力有跳出苦的機會,你現在這一點小苦都受不了,退轉,後面是無邊的大苦等在這裡。現在這麼小苦你受不了要退轉,你那個無邊的大苦就受得了了嗎?那這是個最重要的概念。為什麼我們要退轉呢?就是糊塗!所以這些都是真正幫忙我們的。所以說,在這裡雖然不講,對你們修行這個是最重要的,最重要的!現在我們繼續下去,反正每一個地方,我們曉得它的功效在什麼地方。如果生這種病的時候,馬上跑得來找這個藥,這個藥是對我們的正對治。那麼生曉得了,老:

(ii) The suffering of old age There are five points to contemplate: 1) A handsome body deteriorates: your backbends down like a bow; your head is white like the drawa (spraba) grass flower; wrinkles cover your forehead like the lines of a cutting board, In ways such as these, youth breaks down and you become unattractive.
【◎ 思惟老苦分五。盛色衰退者,謂腰曲如弓,頭白如艾,額如砧板,皺紋充滿,由如是等,衰其容貌令成非愛。】

第一個老了,老了以後,平常你站起來,站得很挺,到那個時候腰也站不起來了,像弓。唉!我現在已經深深感覺到了,曉得要坐得好好的,坐了一下,啊!這腰痠背痛那沒 (p162) 辦法,就這樣,就下來了。其實,其實你們沒有老,我們在這裡很多人未老先衰啊已經,真可憐哪,趕快好好努力啊!尤其是心理上面,有一些人,這個是更重要啊,更重要啊!然後呢「頭白如艾」,到那個時候看看那個頭髮都白了,這樣。「面額如砧板」,砧板什麼樣子?平常我們那個皮膚非常細嫩,那個砧板的樣子,那個刀痕切得都是,到我們老了,這個面就是這樣。尤其是女性這個地方特別注意,不要說:「唉呀,這個修道很苦啊!」你想到這裡,也是唯一的一條路,這是唯一的一條路,回去沒退路好想的。「皺紋充滿」,這個「容貌令非可愛」,並不一定是女性,凡是你歡喜這個的話,那這一點對你特別有價值。第二:

2) Physical strength and vigor deteriorate: for example, when you sit down, you drop like a sack of dirt cut from a rope; when you rise up, it is like uprooting a tree; when you speak, you are incoherent; and when you walk, you stumble.
【氣力衰退者,謂於坐時,如袋斷索,起如拔樹,語言遲鈍,行步緩慢等。】

第二個氣力衰了,坐下來的時候如斷袋索。什麼叫斷袋索啊?那個袋啊這樣,它平常的時候那個綁住的,然後呢,袋一放「噗通!」一下,人老了就是這樣的,跑到那個凳子上就「卡嗒!」一下坐下來了。唉!站呢實在站不動。平常我們坐好好的,站起來啊,站不起來,唉!站起來是千難萬難。現在你們不大會感覺得到的,但是生病的時候就是這個狀態,哎呀, (p163) 這個站起來那個腳裡面實在是沒有氣力啊!講話的時候遲鈍,行步的時候遲緩。

3 ) The senses deteriorate: your eyes cannot see forms clearly, and so forth; and the power of memory and the other faculties wanes due to extreme forgetfulness, and so on.
【諸根衰退者,謂眼等不能明見色等,重忘念等,減念力等。】

然後呢「諸根衰退」,這個是特別講身根,氣力沒有了,講裡邊的根衰退了。「眼」是「不能明見」,「重忘念等」,念力衰退等,就是這樣。到了那個時候,近視了、遠視了,遠也看不見,近也看不見,唉,真是!就這樣,就這樣。然後呢,很多事情回頭就忘記掉了,要記也記不住。尤其現在大家都是:「哎呀!等到慢慢地到那個時候再去修。」老的時候你就是這個樣,你還能修嗎?年輕力壯把那個,都浪費在不必要的上頭。在家人還情有可原,他本來不知道;出了家還忙這些不相干的事情,真可惜啊!然後忙那個不相干的事情,等到老了以後,那死路一條,這個情況啊!

4) Enjoyment of sense objects fades: you have difficulty digesting food and drink, and cannot enjoy desirable objects.
【受用境界衰退者,謂受飲食等,極難消化,又無堪能受諸欲塵。」

這這是裡邊的。外面的境界呢,對受用的,以前一直覺得很好,對不起,你難消化,你沒辦法堪忍。哎呀!你很想,那偏偏不行。然後,

5) The deterioration of life is painful: as your life nears exhaustion, you head rapidly toward death. Think about these points again and again.
【壽量衰退苦者,謂壽多滅盡,速趣於死。應當數數思惟此等,】

這個五樣東西不斷地、好好地去思惟啊!下面引經上面告訴我們。

As the 《Extensive Sport Sūtra》 says: As aging progresses and we pass a certain point,
(p164) 【《廣大遊戲經》中亦云:「由老令老壞少壯,】

這個「老」,這個法,「老」這個這一個特質,使得我們每一個人慢慢地趨向於老,把你的盛年少壯那個慢慢、慢慢地破壞掉了。

We are like a tree struck by lightning,
【猶如大樹被雷擊,】

就像一棵長得好好的樹,被這個雷擊得支離破碎。

Withered by old age like a terrible, decrepit house. O Sage, speak quickly about an escape from old age.
【由老令耄朽屋畏,能仁快說老出離。】

這個老是這樣啊!所以世尊告訴我們這個老相。所以你了解了,趕快趁現在能作的時候,趕快跳出,跳出這個痛苦啊!

Age enfeebles the masses of men and women
As a windstorm strips vines from a grove of sal trees.
Age steals our vigor, skill, and strength—
It is as though we are stuck in mud.
【諸男女眾由老枯,如猛風摧娑羅林,老奪精進及勇勢,譬如士夫陷淤泥。】

一切的不管是若男若女,就被這個老所枯,這個枯像什麼?像大風吹那個娑羅林,這個娑羅林樹很脆的,被猛風吹過去,摧枯拉朽一下統統破壞掉了。我們現在這個要想作的精進、勇猛的心情,到那個時候一點都沒有了。到那個時候就像什麼?陷在那個淤泥裡邊,真是進退兩難哪!

Age makes attractive bodies unattractive.
Age steals our glory and our strength.
Age steals our happiness and subjects us to insults.
Age takes our vigor, age begets death.
(p165) 【老令妙色成醜陋,老奪威德奪勢力,老奪安樂作毀訾,老奪光澤而令死。」】

這麼個嚴重法。

Jen-nga-wa said: The pain of death is horrible but brief; how horrible is aging!
【慬哦瓦云:「死苦雖重,而時短促,此老最重。」】

死苦雖然厲害,但是它很短呀!真的說起來這個老最嚴重。下面那個祖師講的話,這是千真萬確的。

Ga-ma-pa said: "It is well that aging happens little by little. If it happened all at once, it would be intolerable."
【迦瑪瓦云:「老漸漸至,故稍可忍,若一時頓至,實無能忍之方便。」】

幸好這個老是慢慢地來的,通常一個人四十以後漸漸開始就來了,來了。到七十、到八十,這幾十年當中,如果這個老的形象,幾十年當中一口氣來的話,沒有一個人能受得了,沒有一個人能受得了,這是千真萬確的。平常我們忽然間生了個病,你其實簡單得很咧,忽然間生了病倒在那個地方的話,唉呀!你這個痛苦之難受,就是這樣。我們往往生到那個病的話,想到簡直是不想活了,為什麼?他受不了嘛!所以假定這個老一口氣來的話,沒有一個人受得了。

不想則已,有的時候,我現在已經有這個感覺,有的時候真是!千真萬確的,不管 (p166) 是你哪一方面,剛才前面所說的每一樣東西,我倒不大在乎我的頭髮白,也不在乎我的面孔上的皮膚像砧板一樣。可是的的確確坐下來的時候,叫我慢慢吞吞,我就坐在那裡「卡嗒!」就坐下來;站起來的就像拔樹一樣,站了個半天,實在好辛苦。然後呢跟你們講,有的時候是清楚明白得不得了的事情,咦?講到口邊就是那個名字就記不起來,想了個半天不曉得,想不起來。而且眼前的人喔,就這麼眼前的人,這是念力是衰退會到這種程度啊!你們無法想像的,會是這樣的一個嚴重法。

所以老如果一口氣來的話,你真是沒有一個人能受得了,可是我們現在還居然安之若素,居然還說還是慢慢地來,怎麼能慢哪?現在只有唯一的年輕力壯的時候。所以我現在看見你們在座的一些年輕同修,居然躲在後面,猜猜反正輪不到我,偷懶哪,是最大的損失啊!反過來說,我看見那些年輕的同修,我真讚歎、真高興,我現在老了沒辦法了,我只有賺一點什麼?隨喜功德。

所以我一早起來,欸!看見對面那個同修他真好,他的燈光總是……。我一早起來最大的歡喜,就是看見那個燈光。哎呀,讚歎啊!我說我雖然是老了,這個人還在修年輕啊!而我成就讚到年輕的功德。另外呢,另一個人在那兒,我在那裡已經起來了洗了個半天,他還在那邊拖囉沓拉在那個地方,鐘已經敲完了,敲鼓了,他還在那兒,還在剛剛洗 (p167) 臉。以前我心裡面總覺得這個人怎麼樣,現在我也學會了,唉!我覺得這個人真可惜啊!我可不要這樣啊,他可策勵我啊!欸,好啊!真好啊!我但願你們也能如此。所以你不要為人家而驚,不要為人家而生煩惱。總之,一方面對你自己增長,一方面珍惜你自己呀!處處地方要把前面告訴我們這個道理,你多思惟;你多思惟了,你就開始可以努力了。現在我們下面看苦:

p. 160

(iii) The suffering of illness. Here there are also five points to contemplate:
【◎ 思惟病苦分五。】

苦也分五個,把它唸一下。我想這個苦大家都容易體會得到,所以唸一下你們自己去體會它。第一個:

1) Illness changes the nature of the body: the flesh wastes away, the skin dries out, and so forth.
2) Pain and anguish increase and are seldom absent: the elements of the body—water, earth, air, and fire—are not in equilibrium and fluctuate chaotically, causing physical torment, which in turn produces mental anguish. You spend night and day in this state.
【身性變壞者,謂身肉銷瘦,皮膚乾枯等。增長憂苦多住憂苦者,謂身中水等諸界,分不平均增減錯亂,身生逼惱,心起憂痛而度晝夜。】

這是第二個。

3) There is no desire for attractive things:
【不能受用悅意境界者,】

(p168) 平常的時候,你要眼睛也好,吃也好、玩也好,那個時候都不行了。

as you are told that desirable things harm those who are sick, you cannot indulge in them freely; and you do not have the range of movements and postures that you would wish.
4) You must have recourse, however unwillingly, to unpleasant objects: the sick are forced to take unpalatable medicine, food, drink, and the like; and have to rely on harsh therapies that involve such things as being burned with fire or being penetrated with instruments.
【謂若有云,諸可意境於病有損,雖欲享受而不自在,如是諸威儀道,亦多不能隨欲。諸非可意境界受用,雖非所欲須強受用者,謂諸非悅飲食藥等,須強飲用,如是火炙及刀割等,諸粗苦事,皆須習近。】

前面是說你歡喜的,對不起,不行。你不歡喜的偏偏要,就這樣。

5) You lose your vital energy: it is painful to realize that your illness is terminal. Reflect with care upon these points.
【速離命根者,謂見病難治,便生痛苦,當於此等審細思惟。】

同樣的。

As the 《Extensive Sport Sūtra》 says: Hundreds of illnesses and the pain of rampant disease afflict us, just as humans oppress wild animals.
【《廣大遊戲經》云:「多百種病及病苦,如人逐鹿逼眾生,】

就像人,打獵的人趕那個鹿一樣,這個病,這個病來害我們也是這個。

Regard the beings overwhelmed by old age and disease and quickly speak about escape from suffering.
【當觀老病壞眾生,惟顯速說苦出離。】

趕快啊!要從佛那個地方,告訴我們這個苦,從這個地方想辦法跳出來啊!

In deep winter, wind and great blizzards Take the vigor from the grasses, shrubs, trees, and herbs. In the same way, disease takes the vigor out of living beings; It breaks down their faculties, physical appearance, and strength.
【譬如冬季大風雪,草木林藥奪光榮,如是病奪眾生榮,衰損諸根及色力。】

(p169) 一樣!

It will drain a great fortune in wealth and grain to the last. Disease constantly humiliates living beings; It harms them and is contemptuous of beauty. It torments them, like the sun beating down from the sky.
【令盡財穀及大藏,病常輕蔑諸眾生,作諸損惱瞋諸愛,周遍炎熱如空日。」】

這個文字也不必解釋,這個文字自己仔細地觀察,反正像這種東西自己都體會得到的,很容易。體會得到的,體會;體會不到的,信得過佛,努力去思惟、觀察。現在目前這個時候最切要的一件事情,我們一定要把這個概念提起來。 最後,生、老、病、死當中,「死」:

(iv) The suffering of death Again, there are five points to contemplate:
1) You are separated from objects that are fine and attractive.
2) You are separated from close relatives who are fine and attractive.
3) You are separated from companions who are fine and attractive.
4) You are deprived of a body that is fine and attractive.
5) As you die, you experience terrible pain and anguish. Reflect on these repeatedly, until you become disenchanted.
【◎ 思惟死苦分五。謂捨離圓滿可愛財位,捨離圓滿可愛親族,捨離圓滿可愛朋翼,捨離圓滿可愛身體,死時當受猛利憂苦,乃至意未厭此諸苦,當數思惟。】

只要我們的心念當中,對前面這個真相不認識,因為不認識而不厭離,乃至於貪著。在這種狀態,要不斷地思惟,現在我們不忙別的,真正要忙的是要忙這個啊,這個要注意啊!我們現在這裡要求學問,不要把它看成學問看,它是目的在這裡。你能夠在這個上面,那就是你的大學問,否則你認識得再多是沒有用啊!

How do the first four of these constitute suffering? You suffer upon seeing that you are losing these four excellent things.
【前四為苦之理者,謂見當離此四圓滿而發憂苦。】

(p170) 這個就是說財位、親屬等等。

The 《Extensive Sport Sūtra》: You die and pass on to another life, and in so doing you are forever separated from people who are beautiful and beloved. Like a leaf fallen from a tree, or the current of a river, you will never return and meet them again. Death makes the powerful weak. Death takes you away, as a river carries away a log. People go alone, unaccompanied, with no companion—powerless because their karma has its effects.
【《廣大遊戲經》亦云:「若死若沒死沒時,永離親愛諸眾生,不還非可重會遇,如樹落葉同逝水。死令王者無自在,死劫猶如水漂木,獨去無伴無二人,自業具果無自在。】

這個是自己的業力所感得的,你沒有辦法可想的。

Death seizes myriad living beings, as sea-monsters seize swarms of creatures, as an eagle seizes a snake, or a lion an elephant, as fire takes hold of grass, trees, and swarming creatures.
【死擒多百諸含靈,如海鯨吞諸眾生,猶龍金翅象遇獅,同草木聚遭猛火。」】

這個死來的時候,就是這樣的一個狀態,不管在任何狀態當中,一旦死來了,好,就這麼一條路,就這麼一條路。這個是生老病死,這個四樣,今天這個地方說一下。

請翻到《菩提道次第廣論》第161頁。八苦已經講了生、老、病、死,每一個裡邊分五個項目,每一個裡邊分五個項目。這個是多去思惟、觀察,那麼那個時候,會產生強烈的一種感受,說人生無非都是痛苦。那麼下面另外四個,那就是眼前我們處處地方,感受這個三種,最後一個實際上呢,這就是根本,最重要的。現在一個一個地我們討論下去,看文:

p. 161

(v) The suffering of encountering what is unpleasant. Here there are also five points to contemplate:
(p171) 【◎ 思惟怨憎會苦分五。】

也分五樣。

1) Merely encountering your enemies, for example, causes pain and anguish.
2) You dwell in fear of being punished by them.
3)You fear they will speak maliciously, without kind words.
4) You dread death.
5) You worry that you will go to a miserable realm after death for having acted in ways contrary to the teaching. Reflect on these.
【謂如遇怨敵,便生憂苦,畏其制罰,怖畏惡名,遭非讚頌,畏苦惱死,違正法故,畏懼死後,墮諸惡趣。當思此等。】

世間理想的事情,偏偏不容易找到。那麼不理想的呢,我們不希望的呢,偏偏排遣不開。怨的冤家,瞋的,你所討厭的,偏偏要讓你碰到。我們眼前想想看,的確隨時隨地沒有一樣東西稱我們心。那麼這個裡邊分五個項目。遇到怨敵,就生憂、苦—心裡面憂愁,然後呢,怨敵互相傷害,身上面苦惱。這憂苦也可以分身心、兩方面,也可以總和身心而言。

那麼又怕他,這總的,怕他傷害你,怕他傷害你,這第二個。由於這樣,同時呢「怖畏惡名」,這個怨家,大家都—你說我不對,我說你不對,那麼種種的對我們的誹謗。然後呢,「遭非讚頌」,讚跟頌是我們希望的,在這種情況之下,他偏偏不但得不到,而且傷害你。還有呢,怖畏惱死,不但是眼前實際上的名譽,實質上的傷害,而且乃至於因此而送掉性命。送掉了性命呢,「違正法故」,還要怕死後墮落惡趣,這樣。這個五個方 (p172) 面。怨的呢偏偏碰到,反過來你希望的嘛,偏偏要別離!

(vi) The suffering of separation from what is pleasant. Again, there are five points to contemplate. When you are separated from a very dear relative, for example:
1) In your mind, sorrow arises.
【思惟愛別離苦分五。謂若捨離最愛親等,由此令心發生憂慼,】

第一個憂愁,心裡邊真是……。

2) In your speech, you lament.
【語生愁歎,】

心裡面嘛,憂慼;開起口來嘛,唉呀,真不曉得什麼是好!

3) You bring harm to your own body.
4) You are saddened, recalling and missing the good qualities of what you have lost.
【身生擾惱,念彼功德,思戀因緣令意熱惱,】


前一頁 (69a) [69b] 下一頁 (70a)